From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam

This species is generally found in low ground about lakes and ponds, in marshes, low open woods, roadside ditches, and frequently in moist, sandy prairie habitats

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Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 5

Wetland Indicator Status: FACW

Stems to 1 m, branched above, short- hairy mainly on the angles; lvs numerous, lance-linear, glabrous above, often puberulent on the midvein beneath, scaberulous on the margins, the main ones 3-6 cm נ3-10 mm, those subtending the heads much smaller; lateral veins 3-4 pairs, the uppermost arising near the middle of the lf; inner bracts thin, acute or short-acuminate, densely canescent or tomentulose; cal densely canescent distally, the deltoid lobes 0.5-1 mm; 2n=80. Upland woods and moist prairies; Me. to N.D., s. to Ga. and Okla.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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